ZPEnergy.com - Energy in Your Future

Tom Valone (IRI) writes: Vlad ... Attached is a draft of my next Infinite Energy column.

It is from an email to Dennis Bushnell, Chief Scientist at NASA who will be a keynote speaker at the upcoming World Future Society conference in DC in 2008. Thought you might enjoy it and perhaps posting it if you like.

He asked me for 'substantive experiments' showing clear results for zero point energy.

Tom

Hi Dennis,

Since you asked about substantive experiments showing extraction of energy from the quantum vacuum, I am happy to reply with an excerpt from my latest book (p. 86), which you should have in your possession any day now. It's at the bottom of this email. Also, if you have any leads on where ZPE diode grant proposals might be directed within the agencies you interact with, let me know. DARPA? DOE?

Also, attached is a journal article which is one of many showing tunneling at zero voltage ("zero bias"). Several microwave diodes below in my book excerpt also exhibit this feature. However, you have to appreciate that looking in the noise level (1/f noise or Johnson noise) is where ZPE manifests. (That's where my first "Practical Conversion of ZPE" book comes in, which I also sent to you.) Johnson noise in the diode is also generated at the junction itself and therefore, requires no minimum signal to initiate the conduction in one direction.

Substantive Experiments

I should also list the following US patents as the most significant in ZPE research: "Rectifying Thermal Electric Noise" by Charles Brown #3890161, and #4704622 by Capasso, which actually acknowledge ZPE for their functional nature. Capasso is an IBM engineer and indicates that his tunneling device only works if ZPE is present, much like what Planck discovered and Koch recently detected in the lab. I tend to recommend metal-metal nanodiodes probably will be a popular brand for ZPE usage with millipore sheet assembly. I also cite the work of Yasamoto, et. Al. (2004, Science, 304:1944) covering peptide molecular photodiodes just 1 nm across -- another example of a molecular tool for studying this zero point energy that shows up on the molecular level.

*Now to answer your question:* YES, these diodes demonstrate substantive, greater than uncertainty generation of energy from ZPE. In fact, simple coils do as well! Don't believe me? Check out the frenzy of activity that I cite concerning Puthoff's right hand man, Dr. Eric Davis, as well as Prof. Christian Beck overseas. Both of them finally woke up to the multiple papers that Koch published years ago (attached) as he carefully measured the electrical noise that should not have been happening in his coils. Eric just made a big deal about it at the 2006 STAIF conference and is trying to get Lockheed money to fund a REPLICATION of Koch's work, without going any further toward my recommendation of diode technology (in other words, he likes plain academic stuff). Professor Beck just wrote a book on ZPE after published a paper about dark energy being measurable in the laboratory" (Beck, Christian and Michael Mackey, Astrophysics preprint, June 23, 2004 "Has Dark Energy Been Measured in the Lab?" http://xxx.arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0406504).

Lastly, I should cite Dr. Pinto's work, among others like the Brown patent, for making reasonable calculations of the energy density of arrays of vacuum engines like the ZPE diodes, which conservatively reach estimates of hundreds of kilowatts/cubic meter.

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Chapter 5 Excerpt (footnotes inserted in text - copyright (c) 2007, Thomas Valone)
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Custom Made Zero Bias Diodes

Other diodes which exhibit the ability to rectify EMF energy include the class of "backward diodes" which operate with zero bias (no external power supply input). (See US patent 6,635,907 "Type II Interband Heterostructure Backward Diodes" and also US patent 6,870,417 "Circuit for Loss-Less Diode Equivalent") These have been used in microwave detection for decades and have never been tested for nonthermal zero point energy fluctuation conversion. There is every reason to presume they include such ZPE radiation conversion in their everyday operation but it is unnoticed with other EMF energy being so much larger in amplitude. US Patent 6,635,907 from HRL Laboratories describes a diode with a very desirable, "highly nonlinear portion of the I-V curve near zero bias." These diodes produce a significant current of electrons when microwaves in the gigahertz range are present. Another example is US Patent 5,930,133 from Toshiba entitled, "Rectifying device for achieving a high power efficiency." They use a tunnel diode in the backward mode so that "the turn-on voltage is zero." Could there be a better device for small voltage ZPE fluctuations that don't like to jump big barriers?

A completely passive, unamplified zero bias diode converter/detector for millimeter (GHz) waves was developed by HRL Labs in 2006 under a DARPA contract, utilizing an Sb-based "backward tunnel diode" (BTD). It is reported to be a "true zero-bias diode" that does not have significant 1/f noise when it is unamplified. It was developed for a "field radiometer" to "collect thermally radiated power" (in other words, 'night vision'). The diode array mounting allows a feed from horn antenna, which functions as a passive concentrating amplifier. The important clue is the "noise equivalent power" of 1.1 pW per root hertz (picowatts are a trillionth of a watt) and the "noise equivalent temperature difference" of 10K, which indicate a sensitivity to Johnson noise, the source of which is ZPE. Perhaps HRL Labs will consider adapting the invention for passive zero-point energy generation. (Lynch, Jonathan et al. "Unamplified Direct Detection Sensor for Passive Millimeter Wave Imaging" Passive Millimeter-Wave Imaging Technology IX, edited by Roger Appleby, Proc. of SPIE, V. 6211, 621101, 2006 - Also see: Schulman et al. "Sb-heterostructure interband backward diodes" IEEE Electron Device Letters 21, 2000, p. 353-355)

Another invention developed in 2005 by the University of California Santa Barbara is the "semimetal-semiconductor rectifier" for similar applications, to rival the metal-semiconductor (Schottky) diodes that are more commonly known for microwave detection. The zero bias diodes can operate at room temperature and have a NEP of about 0.1 pW but a high "RF-to-DC current responsivity" of about 8 A/W (amperes per watt). Most importantly, the inventors claim that the new diodes are about 20 dB more sensitive than the best available zero-bias diodes from Hewlett-Packard.(Young, A.C. et al. "Semimetal-semiconductor rectifiers for sensitive room-temperature microwave detectors", App. Phys. Letters, V. 87, 2005, p.163506 )

There also have been other inventions such as "single electron transistors" that also have "the highest signal to noise ratio" near zero bias. Furthermore, "ultrasensitive" devices that convert radio frequencies have been invented that operate at outer space temperatures (3 degrees above zero point: 3°K). These devices are tiny nanotech devices so it is possible that lots of them could be assembled in parallel (such as an array) to produce ZPE electricity with significant power density.(Brenning et al., J. Appl. Phys. 100, 114321, 2006 )

Dr. Peter Hagelstein from Eneco, Inc. was thinking along the same lines when in 2002 he patented his "Thermal Diode for Energy Conversion" (US Patent
6,396,191) which uses a thermopile bank of thermionic diodes. These are slightly different, more like thermocouples, than the diodes that I am advocating. However, Hagelstein's diodes are so efficient that he predicts that, with only a 10°C temperature difference, a water pool of six meters on a side could supply the electricity for a house. He also suggests their use as "efficiency boosters" for augmenting the performance of electric or hybrid cars.

Other devices which also will provide the fuelless electrical energy cars, planes and homes need simply use zinc oxide or titanium oxide films that can convert ambient heat into electricity, as used in photovoltaic panels. A few reports indicate that these work reliably for years. Such solid-state diode converters will also grab the nonthermal ZPE in the process and therefore can work in outer space, even without solar exposure.

References

Koch et al., Measurements of quantum noise in resistively shunted Josephson junctions, Physical Review B, Vol. 26, No. 1, July, 1982, p. 74

Jeong et al., On the non-Arrhenius temperature dependence of the interwell electron tunneling rate in quasi two dimensional organic quantum wells, J. of Chem. Phys., Vol. 113, No. 17, November, 2000, p. 7613

Smoliner et al., Tunnelling spectroscopy of 0D states, Semicon. Sci. Tech. Vol. 9, 1994, p. 1925