From: Koen van Vlaenderen Subject: Re: Longitudinal waves

Hi,

The usual transversal wave is induced in a wire with alternating current. This is a dipole antenna.

Of course the electric field is pointed in the direction of the wire (it is the gradient of the electric potential at the endpoints of the wire).

The point is that the electromagnetic wave direction is transversal to the wire (90° angle to the wire), therefore the electric field along the wire is transversal to the wave propagation direction. The magnetic field is indeed transversal to the wire (= direction of electric field) and the wave propagation direction itself.

The longitudinal wave, as discovered by Tesla, is induced by a /monopole/ antenna. This is simply a metal sphere, such that the electric field is perpendicular to the sphere, and also the wave propagation is perpendicular to the sphere. According to my theory there is no magnetic field, but instead there is a scalar field that alternates with the longitudinal electric field, such that the powerflow is always in one direction. Usually the Coulomb field is a near field (falls of as 1/r² ) but in combination with the scalar field it might fall of as 1/r.

The mainn reason these longitudinal waves were not described by Maxwells equations, are the artificial /gauge conditions, /for which there is no experimental ground. These assumed condition actually say: there is no physical scalar field. For longitudinal waves one needs this scalar field in order to define a power flow of longitudinal electro-scalar waves. It is easy to add scalar field terms to the Maxwell equations, for instance in order to decouple the potential wave equations.


The monopole antenna also induces a scalar field, if the frequency is high and the electric potential amplitude is very high. This was the case in Tesla's generators. Also divergent/convergent currents can induce a dynamic scalar field, just like rotating currents induce a magnetic field. Any source of current, or sink of current, from were currents diverge or converge, is a potential source of scalar fields, according to my theory.

See http://home.wanadoo.nl/raccoon/scalarfieldeffects.pdf

Regards, Koen
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From: "Trans-world" Subject: Re: Longitudinal waves

Koen,
Longitudinal waves, aren't induced by a /monopole/ antenna. They're electric waves created by variations of voltage, same as EM waves are created by variations of current. And Tesla's magnifying transformer (MT) didn't have a monopole antenna, the Earth was the second pole. It's as simple as that; current creates a magnetic (EM) field, while voltage creates ELECTRIC field. Oscillate either one, and you get EM or electric waves.

EM waves are a function of a conductor, therefore they're radiated out by conductors. Longitudinal E waves are a function of capacitance (potential), therefore they're radiated out by capacitors. You could replace the earth connection of the MT with another metal sphere, and the MT would keep radiating E waves just fine (you'd want to do that in outer space where you couldn't ground it). Or you could replace the two spheres with two parallel metal plates, and you'd keep radiating E waves, except your transmitter would now be directional.

Also, current is what provides work, so EM waves radiate that work, which of necessity must be diminished with distance. But unlike current, voltage doesn't provide work, it provides POTENTIAL (to work). And potential is mass-less, that's why longitudinal E waves don't diminish with distance.

Jaro