ZPEnergy.com - A Lecture on Dark Energy

From Dr. Jack Sarfatti: "In [[cosmology]], '''dark energy''' is a [[hypothesis|hypothetical]] form of [[energy]] which permeates all of space and has [[negative pressure]]. According to [[general relativity]], the effect of such a negative pressure is qualitatively similar to having a force acting a large scales that works in opposition to gravity. Invoking such an effect is currently the most popular method for explaining the apparent observations of an [[accelerating universe]] as well as accounting for a significant portion of the [[missing mass]] in the universe." Wikepedia

The reason that negative pressure, if strong enough, causes a universal repulsive anti-gravity field is as follows. Einstein's field equation is

Guv = -(8piG/c^4)Tuv

Guv is the Einstein curvature tensor here has dimensions of (Area)^-1

Tuv is the stress-energy density tensor here has dimensions of Energy/Volume

The coupling coefficient (8piG/c^4) of the source Tuv to the 4D warped space-time geometry Guv has dimensions (Length/Energy) = (String Tension)^-1

To show the basic idea we consider the Galilean-Newtonian limit of Einstein's field equation where the curvature is weak and the speeds v of matter particles in Tuv obey v/c 0, we have Newtonian gravity with a universal attractive field.

Note the critical threshold w = -1/3 where (1 + 3w) = 0. Any source where -1 0 it causes a repulsive anti-gravity field. Kip Thorne and his students at Cal Tech showed that exotic matter would enable "traversable wormholes" (AKA "Star Gates') and perhaps permit time travel to the past. Kip debates this with Stephen Hawking and that is another story about the "chronology protection conjecture". Alcubierre showed that this same exotic matter permits faster-than-light weightless/geodesic warp drive without time dilation. The warp is globally faster than light, like in the inflation of the universe, although the "flying saucer" :-) is locally slower than light on a free float timelike geodesic inside its local invariant light cone. What is happening is that the space in front of the ship contracts whilst the space behind the ship expands. The Star Ship in Warp is literally surfing on this Vacuum Tsunami!

Now look at the zero point energy where w = -1. Zero point energy qualifies as "exotic matter"! The problem is that there is too much of it. That leads to the cosmological constant problem that naive quantum field theory predicts ~ 122 Powers of Ten (actual observed dark energy density). This is the greatest catastrophe in physics today. Not only that, but it is easily shown (Peter Milonni's "The Quantum Vacuum" that random incoherent virtual photons inside the vacuum have T00 > 0 with negative pressure causing repulsive anti-gravity exactly like "dark energy" (DE). However, random incoherent virtual electron-positron pair neutral ionized plasma inside the vacuum have T00 ~ 0.73 and total Omega ~ 1 consistent with the flat 3D space on large-scale of inflation theory. Sarfatti shows that cohering of the virtual electron-positron zero point false vacuum fluctuations causes inflation and creates the universe in the Big Bang along with Einstein's gravity and dark energy coming out of the phase and amplitude of the Higgs field respectively. Sarfatti has published these ideas in "Developments in Quantum Physics" ed. F. Columbus & V. Krasnoholovets (Nova Scientific Publishers, 2004 ISBN 1-5954-003-9) "Wheeler's World: It From Bit". He also discusses it in popular media in the two books "Destiny Matrix" and "Space-Time and Beyond II" both on Amazon, and in Paramount Pictures Star Trek IV DVD Special Collector's Edition Disk 2 "Time Travel: The Art of the Possible."


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